為什麼Nginx(發音同 engine x)的性能要比Apache高得多?這得益於Nginx使用了最新的epoll(Linux 2.6內核)和kqueue(freebsd)網絡I/O模型,而Apache則使用的是傳統的select模型。
目前Linux下能夠承受高並發訪問的Squid、Memcached都採用的是epoll網絡I/O模型。
處理大量的連接的讀寫,Apache所採用的select網絡I/O模型非常低效。
下面用一個比喻來解析Apache採用的select模型和Nginx採用的epoll模型進行之間的區別:
假設你在大學讀書,住的宿舍樓有很多間房間,你的朋友要來找你。
select版宿管大媽就會帶著你的朋友挨個房間去找,直到找到你為止。
而epoll版宿管大媽會先記下每位同學的房間號,你的朋友來時,只需告訴你的朋友你住在哪個房間即可,不用親自帶著你的朋友滿大樓找人。
如果來了10000個人,都要找自己住這棟樓的同學時,select版和epoll版宿管大媽,誰的效率更高,不言自明。
同理,在高並發服務器中,輪詢I/O是最耗時間的操作之一,select和epoll的性能誰的性能更高,同樣十分明了。
由於 yum 內沒nginx所以先裝 epel
32位元
rpm -Uvh http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/epel/5/i386/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm
64位元
rpm -Uvh http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/epel/5/x86_64/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm
安裝完nginx之後 建議把epel移除,因為我OS是採用CentOS,如果你是fedora的用戶就沒差了,
可直接用rpm –e 把剛安裝的epel套件移除
yum repolist (讓yum重新生效)
yum install nginx
# 安裝spawn-fcgi
可參考http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/rhel-fedora-install-configure-nginx-php5/
安装php:
yum install php-pear-Net-Socket php-pear php-common php-gd php-devel php php-mbstring php-pear-Mail php-cli php-imap php-snmp php-pdo php-xml php-pear-Auth-SASL php-ldap php-pear-Net-SMTP php-mysql
安装spawn-fcgi:
yum install spawn-fcgi
mv 419.sh /etc/init.d/php_cgi
### 419.sh 是設置php_cgi啟動的腳本 網路上google一下應該找得到
### 不然就自已做一個唄,下面的是原始碼
#!/bin/sh
#
# php-cgi - php-fastcgi swaping via spawn-fcgi
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Run php-cgi as app server
# processname: php-cgi
# config: /etc/sysconfig/phpfastcgi (defaults RH style)
# pidfile: /var/run/php_cgi.pid
# Note: See how to use this script :
# http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/rhel-fedora-install-configure-nginx-php5/
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0
spawnfcgi="/usr/bin/spawn-fcgi"
php_cgi="/usr/bin/php-cgi"
prog=$(basename $php_cgi)
server_ip=127.0.0.1
server_port=9000
server_user=nginx
server_group=nginx
server_childs=5
pidfile="/var/run/php_cgi.pid"
# do not edit, put changes in /etc/sysconfig/phpfastcgi
[ -f /etc/sysconfig/phpfastcgi ] && . /etc/sysconfig/phpfastcgi
start() {
[ -x $php_cgi ] || exit 1
[ -x $spawnfcgi ] || exit 2
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
daemon $spawnfcgi -a ${server_ip} -p ${server_port} -u ${server_user} -g ${server_group} -P ${pidfile} -C ${server_childs} -f ${php_cgi}
retval=$?
echo
return $retval
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc -p ${pidfile} $prog -QUIT
retval=$?
echo
[ -f ${pidfile} ] && /bin/rm -f ${pidfile}
return $retval
}
restart(){
stop
sleep 2
start
}
rh_status(){
status -p ${pidfile} $prog
}
case "$1" in
start)
start;;
stop)
stop;;
restart)
restart;;
status)
rh_status;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|status}"
exit 3
esac
chmod +x /etc/init.d/php_cgi
/etc/init.d/php_cgi start
chkconfig --add php_cgi
chkconfig --level 345 php_cgi on
============================================
測試nginx是否正常work
/usr/sbin/nginx -t
正常的話應該顯示如下
the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully
============================================
測試
ab -n 10000 -c 200 http://10.10.50.48:80/index.html
要執行 1000 次的 connection, 200 次的 concurrent (並行, 同時).
Time taken for tests: 總共執行花了多久的時間.(以上 1000 次共多久)
Requests per second: 每秒平均可以處理多少個 connection.
============================================
/etc/php.ini
session 的使用必須有幾個要素
(1) /etc/php.ini 的設定
session.auto_start = 0 (或1)
如果 session.auto_start = 0 則必須先執行 session_start()
如果 session.auto_start = 1 就不必執行 session_start()
============================================
設定 vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
############################################
#
# This is the main Nginx configuration file.
#
# More information about the configuration options is available on
# * the English wiki - http://wiki.nginx.org/Main
# * the Russian documentation - http://sysoev.ru/nginx/
#
###########################################
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Main Module - directives that cover basic functionality
#
# http://wiki.nginx.org/NginxHttpMainModule
#
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
user nginx;
#指定工作洐生 進程數 (建議為總核心數或總核心數的二倍)
worker_processes 16;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
#error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log notice;
#error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log info;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Events Module
#
# http://wiki.nginx.org/NginxHttpEventsModule
#
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
events {
#Linux 建議採用 epoll 模組,FreeBSD 建議採用 kqueue 模組
use epoll;
#允許連接數
worker_connections 300000;
}
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# HTTP Core Module
#
# http://wiki.nginx.org/NginxHttpCoreModule
#
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
http {
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
server_tokens off; #關閉版本顯示
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
#設定請求緩衝 size limits
client_header_timeout 3m;
client_body_timeout 3m;
send_timeout 3m;
client_header_buffer_size 1k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 4k;
#啟用網頁壓縮
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 1100;
gzip_buffers 4 8k;
gzip_types text/plain text/html text/css image/x-icon image/bmp;
output_buffers 1 32k;
postpone_output 1460;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
#send_lowat 12000;
#keepalive_timeout 75 20;
keepalive_timeout 0;
#lingering_time 30;
#lingering_timeout 10;
#reset_timedout_connection on;
#sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
#keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
#
# The default server
#
server {
listen 80;
server_name _;
charset en_US.UTF-8;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root /var/www/html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
#設定查看Nginx狀態的地址
#http://210.242.195.82/NginxStatus/ 即可看到類似如下內容:
#Active connections: 328
#server accepts handled requests
#9309 8982 28890
#Reading: 1 Writing: 3 Waiting: 324
#第一行表示現在活躍的連接數
#第三行的第三個數字表示Nginx運行到當前時間接受到的總請求數,假如快達到了上限,就需要加大上限值#了。
#在服务器使用htpasswd生成密码
#htpasswd -bd nginx_passwd username password
#ex:
#需先touch 一個 nginx_passwd 文件
#htpasswd -bd nginx_passwd nginx 123456
location /NginxStatus {
stub_status on;
access_log on;
auth_basic "NginxStatus";
#auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/htpasswd;
}
# redirect server error pages to the static pag
#加入這筆 405 可解決post問題
error_page 405 = $uri;
error_page 404 /404.html;
location = /404.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
location ~ \.php$ {
root html ;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
location ~ /\.ht {
deny all;
#}
}
# Load config files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}
============================================
設定virtual host vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/
每個virtual host 設定一設定 只要 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf中 有 include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; 它就會自動把 virtual host設定載入
============================================
要讓virtual host 支援php
則必需在conf.d中的每個virtualhost設定檔加入 (目前我測的結果是醬子我想應該有更好的方法>.<)
server {
listen 80;
server_name test.com.tw;
access_log /var/log/nginx/test/test.access.log combined;
error_log /var/log/nginx/test/test.error.log;
location /
{
root /var/www/test.com.tw;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
root /var/www/test.com.tw;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
location ~ /\.ht {
deny all;
}
}
============================================================
log的備份,由於nginx 不支援 cronolog只好自已寫,我是有看到有網友寫可以成功支援cronolog的方式
不過一樣我試不出來 我太弱了 = =
#!/bin/bash
# 每天0點執行
BAKLOG_LIST="/etc/nginx/baklog_list"
LOGS_PATH="/var/log/nginx/"
BAK_PATH="/etc/nginx/logs/backup_log/"
ls $LOGS_PATH > $BAKLOG_LIST
sed -i 's/access.log/ /g' $BAKLOG_LIST
sed -i 's/error.log/ /g' $BAKLOG_LIST
if ! [ -d $BAK_PATH ];then
mkdir -p $BAK_PATH
fi
cd $LOGS_PATH
tar zcvf `date +%Y%m%d_%H`.tar.gz *
mv ${BACKUP_PATH}*.tar.gz $BAK_PATH
rm -rf *
#重建nginx log
kill -USR1 `cat /var/run/nginx.pid`
cat $BAKLOG_LIST | while read list
do
cd $LOGS_PATH
if ! [ -d $list ];then
mkdir -p $list
fi
done